Exhibit展品
calculate
/ˈkælkjəleɪt/
What small stone is still inside a calculation?计算里面还留着哪一颗小石头？
Today此刻
To work something out with numbers, or to estimate it.用数字把一件事算出来，或加以估计。
Historical历史形态
Take it apart拆开来看
From Latin calculus, a pebble, and calculare, to reckon with pebbles. English borrowed the verb of reckoning.来自拉丁语 calculus（石子）和 calculare（用石子计算）。英语借入的是计算的动词。
Travel through time穿过时间
Latin拉丁语
calx
limestone石灰石
Latin拉丁语
calculus
a small stone小石头
Latin拉丁语
calculare
to reckon with stones用石头计算
English英语
calculate
to compute计算
How the meaning moved意义如何移动
01 · Latin calculus01 · 拉丁语 calculus
a small stone used in counting计数用的小石头
02 · Latin, then English02 · 拉丁语，然后是英语
to reckon, to count计算，点数
03 · modern English03 · 现代英语
to compute or estimate运算或估计
Story故事
The pebble那颗石子
Latin calx is limestone, and calculus is a small stone, a pebble. Calculare is to reckon by means of such stones. Counting boards really did use them. The word remembers a hand moving pieces, not a mind floating free of matter.
English calculate arrives already abstract. A person calculates a sum, a risk, a trajectory. The pebble is no longer on the table. It is worth keeping in the etymology because it stops the word from sounding as if numbers had always been pure thought.
Salary, nearby on the Roman walk, is a payment. Calculate is the counting that payments require. They are neighbors in civic life, not children of one root.
拉丁语 calx 是石灰石，calculus 是小石头、石子。Calculare 是借助这样的石头来计算。计数板确实用过它们。这个词记得一只移动棋子的手，不是一个脱离物质、飘在空中的头脑。
英语 calculate 到来时已经抽象。人计算一笔数目、一种风险、一条轨迹。石子不再在桌上。它仍值得留在词源里，因为它让这个词听起来不像数字从来都是纯粹的思想。
罗马路线旁边的 salary 是一笔支付。calculate 是支付所需要的计数。它们是市民生活里的邻居，不是同一条根的孩子。
Keep wandering继续漫游
Research notes研究笔记
Confidence · High把握 · 高
The outline is the ordinary account in historical dictionaries.轮廓与历史词典里的通行说法一致。
Sources出处
An outline for the visitor, not a critical edition.给访客的纲要，不是校勘本。