Exhibit展品
psyche
/ˈsaɪki/
What does the mind have to do with breath?心灵和呼吸有什么关系？
Today此刻
The mind, the soul, or the human spirit.心灵、灵魂，或人的精神。
Borrowed whole整词借入
How it arrived它如何到来
Borrowed whole from Greek psykhē. Not a compound. The later science of psychology is built on this noun. It is not the origin of it.从希腊语 psykhē 整词借入。不是复合词。后来的心理学建在这个名词上。它不是这个名词的起源。
Travel through time穿过时间
Greek希腊语
psykhē
breath, life, soul气息，生命，灵魂
Latin拉丁语
psyche
soul, spirit灵魂，精神
English英语
psyche
mind, soul心灵，灵魂
How the meaning moved意义如何移动
01 · Greek01 · 希腊语
breath, life气息，生命
02 · Greek and Latin02 · 希腊语与拉丁语
soul灵魂
03 · English03 · 英语
the mind, the inner life心灵，内在生活
04 · modern English, via psychology04 · 现代英语，经由 psychology
the mind as a field of study作为一门研究的心灵
Story故事
Breath, before psychology心理学之前的气息
Greek psykhē means breath, life, and the soul, the thing that leaves when breath leaves. English borrows the word for the inner life. Much later, psychology makes it the name of a discipline. The museum stops short of a founding date for that science. The word itself is older than the department.
There is nothing to take apart in English. Psyche arrives whole. Its interest is the chain of meanings: air, then the life the air sustained, then the soul, then the mind a modern person means by “inner life.”
Idea is a form. Psyche is a life. Intellect is a faculty. None of them is a translation of the others, which is why the mind needed all three.
希腊语 psykhē 是气息、生命和灵魂，是气息离开时一同离开的东西。英语借入这个词来表示内在的生命。很久以后，psychology 使它成为一门学科的名字。本馆不给那门科学钉一个创立年份。这个词本身比那个系更老。
在英语里没有什么可拆。psyche 整词到来。它的趣味是一串意思：空气，然后空气维持的生命，然后灵魂，然后现代人用“内在生活”所指的心灵。
idea 是一种形式。psyche 是一种生命。intellect 是一种能力。没有一个是另外一个的翻译，所以心灵需要这三个。
Keep wandering继续漫游
Research notes研究笔记
Confidence · High把握 · 高
The outline is the ordinary account in historical dictionaries.轮廓与历史词典里的通行说法一致。
Sources出处
An outline for the visitor, not a critical edition.给访客的纲要，不是校勘本。